For authentication and authorization purposes, in my opinion, LDAP provides the best combination of performance and simplicity, as well as installation and maintenance. LDAP as a protocol is quite small, requiring relatively little network bandwidth. A small protocol also makes encrypted transmission quite high.
LDAP is also simple, servers are easy to deploy, and state-of-the-art professional-grade LDAP servers provide impressive performance over a relational database, all other things being equal, such as hardware and query type.
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