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The relationship between flopping and metastability

When performing domain-based clock conversions (speed matching), we usually double the data flop to avoid metastable states. Double flopping simply reduces the likelihood of metastability. Triple flopping will reduce it.

How to calculate the probability / relationship between metastability and the number of clock flops used?

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The canonical response to requests for metastability always includes links to articles written by late, excellent, Peter Alfke . In particular, the application XAPP094 - do not worry about his age, the theory remains the same.

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