If you have code that should behave differently depending on whether it is associated with Bionic or Glibc, this can and should be determined at compile time. Bionic and Glibc are not compatible with binary versions anyway, so you need to commit one set of headers at compile time.
#if __BIONIC__
#elif __GLIBC__
#else
#error "This C library is not supported"
#endif
You will not find any information in /proc, because it /proccontains information about the kernel, not about the C library.
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