How to determine the possible presence of a barcode in an image? (When the value cannot be read)

I have a multi-page document that is being scanned. Sometimes, since the document was a facsimile or simply poor scan, barcode reader software cannot determine the value of the barcode.

The barcode can be on any page of the document, however this page should be the "title" of the page and moved to the beginning. How can I automatically detect that an image has a barcode when the value cannot be read using conventional barcode reading tools?

The usual type of barcode is Code39, but sometimes it can be a DataMatrix. I am mostly concerned about finding Code39 error code, as I think it will be easier to detect.