When you provide a key pair name when starting an AMI instance, Amazon EC2 provides the public key ssh to the instance so that it can do things like adding the key to $ HOME / .ssh / authorized_keys for the default user. The default user is AMI dependent and can be "ec2-user" or "ubuntu" or even "root".
However, AMI does not require them to use the ssh key, this is just a convenient convention and one of the few ways to give the person working with AMI secure access to the instance.
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