as.matrix() data.matrix(), () . :
d <- data.frame(1:10, letters[1:10])
as.matrix(d)
data.matrix(d)
> as.matrix(d)
X1.10 letters.1.10.
[1,] " 1" "a"
[2,] " 2" "b"
[3,] " 3" "c"
[4,] " 4" "d"
[5,] " 5" "e"
[6,] " 6" "f"
[7,] " 7" "g"
[8,] " 8" "h"
[9,] " 9" "i"
[10,] "10" "j"
> data.matrix(d)
X1.10 letters.1.10.
[1,] 1 1
[2,] 2 2
[3,] 3 3
[4,] 4 4
[5,] 5 5
[6,] 6 6
[7,] 7 7
[8,] 8 8
[9,] 9 9
[10,] 10 10
, as.matrix() , data.matrix() , .