This is the convention that heviliy can see in the sitecore.dll file. It is used to throw an exception if this condition is not met.
For example, if you look at Assert.IsTrue, if the condition is not met, the system will throw an "InvalidOperationException"
Decompiling a method from the search API I found this.
Assert.IsTrue(local_0 != null, "SearchConfiguration is missing");
Then if we decompile IsTrue, it gives us
[AssertionMethod]
public static void IsTrue([AssertionCondition(AssertionConditionType.IS_TRUE)] bool condition, string message)
{
if (!condition)
throw new InvalidOperationException(message);
}
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