You can get the attribute parameter values for a specific store by setting the store identifier in the attribute before calling getAllOptions (), for example,
$attributeOptions = $attribute->setStoreId(1)->getSource()->getAllOptions(false);
gets parameter values for the store with identifier 1. You can get the identifier of the current store using
Mage::app()->getStore()->getId();
So, something like this should get what you want:
$storeId = Mage::app()->getStore()->getId();
$attributeOptions = $attribute->setStoreId($storeId)->getSource()->getAllOptions(false);