Steganography in C

Trying to do basic steganography on a PPM image.

I have a basic algorithm. Read in the file, check that the title starts with P6, gets the width and height of the image and the pixel data.

I need to have a total of four methods: ReadPPM, WritePPM, WriteMsg and ReadMsg.

I have ReadImg and WriteImg methods, but where am I stuck with my WriteMsg method. This is basic steganography, which simply writes every bit of the string to the last bit in each byte. The first 8 bytes are supposed to contain the size of the hidden string, then each byte after that launches a hidden message.

My idea was to create a massive array containing binary code for the size of the string, and then the binary code of the string itself. I'm just trying to figure out how I will take this array and add it to every byte in the image.

Any help is greatly appreciated. Here is my current code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

typedef struct {
     unsigned char red,green,blue;
} PPMPixel;

typedef struct {
     int x, y;
     PPMPixel *data;
} PPMImage;

#define CREATOR "RPFELGUEIRAS"
#define RGB_COMPONENT_COLOR 255

static PPMImage *readPPM(const char *filename)
{
    char buff[16];
    PPMImage *img;
    FILE *fp;
    int c, rgb_comp_color;
    //open PPM file for reading
    fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (!fp) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open file '%s'\n", filename);
         exit(1);
    }

    //read image format
    if (!fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fp)) {
         perror(filename);
         exit(1);
    }

    //check the image format
    if (buff[0] != 'P' || buff[1] != '6') {
         fprintf(stderr, "Invalid image format (must be 'P6')\n");
         exit(1);
    }

    //alloc memory form image
    img = (PPMImage *)malloc(sizeof(PPMImage));
    if (!img) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory\n");
         exit(1);
    }

    //check for comments
    c = getc(fp);
    while (c == '#') {
    while (getc(fp) != '\n') ;
         c = getc(fp);
    }

    ungetc(c, fp);
    //read image size information
    if (fscanf(fp, "%d %d", &img->x, &img->y) != 2) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Invalid image size (error loading '%s')\n", filename);
         exit(1);
    }

    //read rgb component
    if (fscanf(fp, "%d", &rgb_comp_color) != 1) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Invalid rgb component (error loading '%s')\n", filename);
         exit(1);
    }

    //check rgb component depth
    if (rgb_comp_color!= RGB_COMPONENT_COLOR) {
         fprintf(stderr, "'%s' does not have 8-bits components\n", filename);
         exit(1);
    }

    while (fgetc(fp) != '\n') ;
    //memory allocation for pixel data
    img->data = (PPMPixel*)malloc(img->x * img->y * sizeof(PPMPixel));

    if (!img) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory\n");
         exit(1);
    }

    //read pixel data from file
    if (fread(img->data, 3 * img->x, img->y, fp) != img->y) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Error loading image '%s'\n", filename);
         exit(1);
    }

    fclose(fp);
    return img;
}

void writePPM(const char *filename, PPMImage *img)
{
    FILE *fp;
    //open file for output
    fp = fopen(filename, "wb");
    if (!fp) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open file '%s'\n", filename);
         exit(1);
    }

    //write the header file
    //image format
    fprintf(fp, "P6\n");

    //comments
    fprintf(fp, "# Created by %s\n",CREATOR);

    //image size
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n",img->x,img->y);

    // rgb component depth
    fprintf(fp, "%d\n",RGB_COMPONENT_COLOR);

    // pixel data
    fwrite(img->data, 3 * img->x, img->y, fp);
    fclose(fp);
}

void writeMsg(PPMImage *img, char *s)
{   

    int i;
    int len;
    len = sizeof(s);

    if (img)
    {
         j = 0;
         for (i=0; i < img->x * img->y; i++)
         {
              while(j < 8)
              {
                   if(len & 0x80)   
                   {
                        img->data[i].red= img->data[i].red | 0x01;
                   }
                   else 
                   {
                        img->data[i].red= img->data[i].red & 0xFE;
                   }

                   len=len << 1;
                   j++;

                   if (len & 0x80)  
                   {
                        img->data[i].green= img->data[i].green | 0x01;
                   }
                   else
                   {
                        img->data[i].green= img->data[i].green & 0xFE;
                   }


                   len = len << 1;
                   j++;

                   if (len & 0x80)  
                   {
                        img->data[i].blue= img->data[i].blue | 0x01;
                   }
                   else
                   {
                        img->data[i].blue= img->data[i].blue & 0xFE;
                   }
                   j++;
              }
         }
    }
}
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1 answer

To extract only one bit from a byte, do the following:

bit(i) = byte >> i & 0x1

This shifts the byte bit to the right I times, and then andit from 0000 0001 (so that all bits except the lowest are zeroed, and the least significant bit is 0 for 0 and 1 for 1).

You can do this for a 16-bit short, 32-bit int, 64-bit in length ... And even for a charstring. You can use sizeof (char) to find out how many bytes are in char.

, , char ( long int ...) . , :

, i th x, i%x [i/x]

, , ( int char ...), :

steganographybyte = originalbyte & (~ 0x1) +

, ... 0000 0001, , ... 1111 1110, and , . , .

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