Date change when converting from XMLGregorianCalendar to calendar

When testing a web service that displays date and time types between systems, I noticed that sending any date before the start of the Gregorian calendar time led to a loss of accuracy when casting to the final type, and the final result was always slightly ahead in time for several days .

I narrowed the problem to the exact line, but I still can’t understand why this is done so, from the documentation it says that the Julian calendar is used for dates before the start of the Gregorian calendar: October 15, 1582.

The problem line is in the range from XMLGregorianCalendarto GregorianCalendar, line 78: calendarDate = argCal.toGregorianCalendar(); When the time is taken from calendarDateline 86: The cal.setTime(calendarDate.getTime());time returns 2 days earlier than it should be, January 3, and not January 01, as you will see in the output below.

Here is an example of a program that I did to show the casting process to the end:

import java.sql.Date;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;

import javax.xml.datatype.DatatypeConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.datatype.DatatypeFactory;
import javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar;



public class TestDateConversions {

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        TestDateConversions testDates = new TestDateConversions();
        try
        {
            XMLGregorianCalendar testDate1 = DatatypeFactory.newInstance().newXMLGregorianCalendar();
            testDate1.setYear(0001);
            testDate1.setMonth(01);
            testDate1.setDay(01);
            System.out.println("Start date: "+testDate1.toString() +"\n**********************");

            testDates.setXMLGregorianCalendar(testDate1);
            System.out.println("\nNull given \n"+ "**********");
            testDates.setXMLGregorianCalendar(null);
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }


    public void setXMLGregorianCalendar(XMLGregorianCalendar argCal)
    {
        GregorianCalendar calendarDate;
        if (argCal != null)
        {
            calendarDate = argCal.toGregorianCalendar();
            System.out.println("XMLGregorianCalendar time: " + argCal.getHour() + ":"+argCal.getMinute()+":"+argCal.getSecond());
            System.out.println("XMLGregorianCalendar time(ms): "+argCal.getMillisecond());
            System.out.println("XMLGregorianCalendar -> GregorianCalendar: "+calendarDate.get(GregorianCalendar.YEAR) + "-"+(calendarDate.get(GregorianCalendar.MONTH)+1) + "-"+calendarDate.get(GregorianCalendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
            System.out.println("!!!!PROBLEM AREA!!!!");
            Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
            System.out.println("-- New Calendar instance: "+cal.get(Calendar.YEAR) + "-"+(cal.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1)+"-"+cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
            System.out.println("-- Calling Calendar.setTime(GregorianCalendar.getTime())");
            cal.setTime(calendarDate.getTime());
            System.out.println("-- calendarDate.getTime() = " + calendarDate.getTime() + " <-- time is incorrect");
            System.out.println("-- Calendar with time set from GregorianCalendar: "+cal.get(Calendar.YEAR) + "-"+(cal.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1)+"-"+cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH) + " <-- day is increased here");
            setCalendar(cal);
        }
        else 
        {
            setCalendar(null);
        }
    }

    public void setCalendar(Calendar argCal)
    {
        if (argCal != null)
        {
            Date date = new Date(argCal.getTimeInMillis());
            System.out.println("Calendar to Date: "+date);
            setDate(date);
        }
        else
        {
            setDate(null);
        }

    }

    public void setDate(Date argDate)
    {
        try
        {
            if (argDate == null)
            {
                Calendar cal  = new GregorianCalendar(1,0,1);
                Date nullDate = new Date(cal.getTimeInMillis());
                System.out.println("Null Calendar created: "+cal.get(Calendar.YEAR) + "-"+(cal.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1)+"-"+cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
                System.out.println("Null Date created: "+nullDate);
            }
            else 
            {
                System.out.println("Final date type: "+argDate);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception  ex)
        {
            System.out.println(ex);
        }
    }
}