For reference, most of the accepted answer is not needed. The only key part is (in the UIViewController - no need to edit or subclass EAGLView / GLKView):
self.view.opaque = NO;
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
NIB, (Apple, , var GL- initWithCoder:()
, , OpenGL = 0.0. , glClear/glClearColor, clearColor :
glClearColor( 0, 0, 0, 0.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);