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Nginx - How do I know when $ http_referer is not installed or is empty?

How to find out when the variable nginx $ http_referer is not set or is empty?

I get some requests that don't have http link. In nginx logs, $ http_referer looks like this: "-". What I'm trying to do is return 403; if $ http_referer is not set or empty, as in this case.

Thank!

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2 answers

http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_referer_module.html#valid_referers

valid_referers server_names ~.;
if ($invalid_referer) {
    return   403;
}
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How about this?

if ($http_referer ~ /^$/) {
    return 403;
}
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