A reasonable and inference mechanism is essentially the same thing in AI, that is, a piece of software capable of inferring logical consequences from a set of valid facts (and yes, this is similar to what Prolog does). The possibilities of the mind depend on the rules of axioms and the rules of inference, about which he knows, which, in turn, are associated with a certain type of logic.
Semantic Reasoner is probably the abbreviation for "Semantic Web Reasoner", which is an argument for the Semantic Web . In this case, such a reasoner knows about the axioms and rules for deriving logical formalisms underlying semantic web standards, in particular, OWL Web Ontology Language .
OWL, , "Semantic Web Reasoner", OWL Web Ontology Language , , , .