You have 2 options.
Sort of
objdump -x a.out | grep YOUR_VARIABLE_ADDRESS
2. Use the gcc map option to create a map file
Compile something like this in gcc
$ gcc -o foo.exe -Wl,-Map,foo.map foo.c
and now
$ grep YOUR_VARIABLE_ADDRESS foo.map
, , , .
PS: , map file, , Visual Studio, ,