You can do it as follows:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
data = (0, 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 9, 7, 8, 6, 6)
ax.plot(data, 'r-', linewidth=4)
plt.axvline(x=5, ymin=0, ymax=4.0 / max(data), linewidth=4)
plt.text(5, 4, 'your text here')
plt.show()
, ymin ymax 0 to 1,

EDIT: OP , OO:
fig = plt.figure()
data = (0, 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 9, 7, 8, 6, 6)
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
ax.plot(data, 'r-', linewidth=4)
ax.axvline(x=5, ymin=0, ymax=4.0 / max(data), linewidth=4)
ax.text(5, 4, 'your text here')
fig.show()