You forgot the "0"hash index . Therefore, you should have access to it as follows:
amount = params[:dec_declaration][:dec_declarationlines_attributes]["0"][:amount_whole]
The params hash works with both characters and strings as keys.
Edit
However, judging by the purchase of the parameter structure, it looks like you have a model called DecDeclaration, which has_many DecDeclarationlines and accepts_nested_attributes for this association. Therefore, you should be able to use it in the controller as follows:
@dec_declaration = DecDeclaration.build(params[:dec_declaration])
@amount_whole = @dec_declaration.dec_declarationlines.first.amount_whole
, , .