How the OS interacts with peripheral devices such as sound cards / video cards, etc.

As far as I understand, any program is compiled into a series of assembly instructions for the architecture in which it works. I don’t understand how the operating system interacts with peripheral devices such as a video card. Isn't the driver itself a series of assembly instructions for the CPU?

The only thing I can think of is that it uses areas of memory that are then controlled by a peripheral device, or uses a bus to exchange data and get results. Is there a simple explanation for this process.

Sorry if this question is too general, this is what bothered me.

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