inodeis not a common concept for all file systems. Extand Linux VFSsees it inodeas a data structure in which file information is stored. But, for example, they FAT32either NTFShave no idea what it is inodebecause they simply do not use this concept.
Having said that, I will try to give answers to your questions:
Is the amount of inode (for example, standard) guaranteed after a reboot, reboot, or even after it has been closed by all processes and then opened again?
It depends, if the file system is of type Ext, then the number inodeis stored in a file i_inoinside struct inodethat is written to disk , so yes, in this case, if the file is the same (not another file with the same name), then the number is inodeguaranteed to be the same.
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