Thanks guys for your answer, finally I figured it out. It was simple, then I tried
QAndroidJniObject data = QAndroidJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod("com/android/app/appActivity",
"appData",
"(I)Ljava/lang/String;");
In this code, I did not know that this (I)Ljava/lang/String;means the type of parameter that your Java method accepts, but in my case it was not. So the correct answer
QAndroidJniObject data = QAndroidJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod<jstring>("com/android/app/appActivity",
"appData")`
java-.
, ...